In a landmark shift toward a carbon neutral strategy, Türkiye, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, and Georgia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish a “Green Energy Corridor” aimed at transmitting renewable electricity from the Caspian region to Europe. This four-party cooperation marks a strategic pivot from traditional hydrocarbon reliance to green electricity transmission, aligning closely with European Union (EU) ESG goals and climate neutrality objectives. 

The collaboration emerged from a series of high-level meetings starting in 2024, culminating in the April 2025 agreement. Key infrastructure developments will modernize cross-border electricity grids, foster investment in renewables, and expand interconnectivity across Southeast Europe. For Bulgaria, the initiative transforms its previous energy vulnerability into a strategic advantage. With over 70% of its electricity now generated from low-carbon sources, including nuclear and renewables, Bulgaria is actively pursuing a 27% renewable energy share by 2030 and full carbon neutrality by 2050. 

Türkiye, having reached its 2025 solar capacity target ahead of schedule, is rapidly becoming a regional green energy leader. Its installed solar capacity hit 21.6 GW in March 2025, up 129% year-on-year, while wind capacity exceeded 13 GW. Backed by policy reforms and investments, Türkiye is shifting from an energy transit nation to an exporter of renewable electricity, further enhancing its geopolitical relevance. 

Azerbaijan, traditionally a hydrocarbon exporter, is using the initiative to diversify its energy portfolio. Ongoing development of the Zangezur Corridor could expand its electricity export potential, provided regional political hurdles are addressed. 

The Green Energy Corridor exemplifies ESG-driven collaboration and sustainable energy diplomacy. It strengthens regional energy security, supports Europe’s climate targets, and accelerates the transition toward a greener, more interconnected energy system. 

Sources: 

https://www.eurasiareview.com/13052025-turkey-bulgaria-green-energy-cooperation-and-the-strategic-role-of-azerbaijan-analysis/  

https://aze.media/azerbaijans-multi-vector-foreign-policy-as-a-key-pillar-of-sovereignty-stability-and-strategic-development/